Hare-haren masu tsattsauran ra’ayi a yankin Sahel da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara a Afirka, na ci gaba da yaduwa a cikin ‘yan watannin nan.
A makon da ya gabata ne mayakan Islama suka kai hari a Bamako, babban birnin kasar Mali, a karon farko cikin kusan shekaru 10 da suka wuce, tare da nuna karfin da suke da shi na daukar kaya. fitar da manyan hare-hare. Kuma a watan da ya gabata, an kashe akalla mutane 100 a kauye da sojoji a tsakiyar kasar Burkina Faso, yayin wani harin da mayakan jihadi masu alaka da al-Qaida suka kai a karshen mako a wani kauye, yayin da suke taimakawa jami’an tsaro da karfi wajen tona baragurbi don kare sansanonin tsaro da kauyuka.
Ga abin da muka sani game da matsalar tsaro a yankin Sahel:
Yankin da ke da bore da juyin mulki
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, yankin ya girgiza da tashe tashen hankula da juyin mulkin soji. Kasashen Sahel uku da suka hada da Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso yanzu haka shugabannin sojoji ne da suka karbe mulki da karfi, bisa alkawarin samar da karin tsaro ga ‘yan kasar.
Duba nan:
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- Attacks by Islamic extremists are rampant in Africa’s Sahel
Sai dai yanayin tsaro a yankin Sahel ya kara tabarbarewa tun lokacin da sojoji suka karbi ragamar mulkin kasar, kamar yadda manazarta suka ce, an samu yawaitar hare-hare da kuma yawan fararen hula da mayakan Islama da na gwamnati suka kashe. A cikin watanni shida na farkon wannan shekara, fararen hula 3,064 ne aka kashe sakamakon tashin hankalin, a cewar Cibiyar Tattaunawar Wuraren Rikici da Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki, wanda ya karu da kashi 25% idan aka kwatanta da watanni 6 da suka gabata.
Kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi da ke aiki a Sahel, da abin da suke so
Manyan kungiyoyi biyu da ke aiki a yankin sun hada da kungiyar Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), mai alaka da al-Qaida, da kuma kungiyar Islamic State a yankin Sahel. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, JNIM ta karfafa kasancewarta a Mali da Burkina Faso, ta hanyar zama kungiyar siyasa mai dunkulewa.
“Al’ummar yankin suna goyon bayan (JNIM) fiye da kungiyoyin da ke da alaka da IS,” in ji Shaantanu Shankar manazarci na Sashin Leken Asiri na Tattalin Arziki. “Sun hada kungiyoyin ‘yan tawaye na cikin gida, wadanda ke da alaka ta kut-da-kut da al’umma.”
Ba kamar JNIM ba, Daular Islama a yankin Sahel wani sako-sako ne na kawancen dakaru masu adawa da gwamnati da ba su da tushe a siyasance, in ji shi. Sun fi rinjaye a yankin tafkin Chadi.
Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna kai hari, ta’addanci da kashe al’ummar yankin kuma ayyukansu na iya zama laifukan yaƙi, a cewar ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙinsu.
Bugu da kari, akwai kuma wasu kungiyoyin sa kai na cikin gida a kasa, wadanda ba su da alaka da IS ko al-Qaida, yayin da rikici ya barke tsakanin kabilun da ke gaba da juna da kungiyoyin kare kai na cikin gida wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da kai hare-hare.
Me yasa masu tsatsauran ra’ayi a yankin Sahel ke kara karfi
Hukumomin mulkin soja a kasashe uku sun yi amfani da rashin amincewar jama’a da tsoffin gwamnatocin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, wadanda suke ganin a matsayin cin hanci da rashawa da Faransa ke yi.
Bayan da suka hau karagar mulki, dukkannin shugabannin kasashen uku sun fice daga kungiyar raya tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika, kungiyar ECOWAS mai shekaru kusan 50 da ta kafa kungiyar hadin gwiwa ta kasashen Sahel, a watan Satumba. Sun yanke alaka da kawancen kasashen yamma na gargajiya, inda suka kori sojojin Faransa da na Amurka, a maimakon haka sun nemi sabuwar alaka ta tsaro da Rasha.
Shankar ya ce “Akwai wani katon gibin tsaro bayan janyewar sojojin Faransa da na Amurka daga yankin,” in ji Shankar, wanda Rasha ba za ta iya cike shi ba. Shankar ya kara da cewa, sojojin kungiyar Wagner, kamfanin soji mai zaman kansa na Rasha, da ke yankin, gwamnatocin mulkin soja ne ke samun tallafin kudi.
Sai dai masana sun ce wani abin da ke kara rura wutar rashin zaman lafiya shi ne tabarbarewar tattalin arziki, da kuma rashin samar da ayyukan yi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar shaharar kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi. A cikin dukkanin kasashen uku, masu tsattsauran ra’ayin Islama suna daukar ma’aikata a tsakanin kungiyoyin da gwamnatocin tsakiya suka yi watsi da su.
Heni Nsabia, jami’in nazarin wuraren da ake fama da rikice-rikice na Afirka ta Yamma, ya ce “Akwai ‘yan damammaki ga mutanen karkarar Sahel, musamman matasa.” “Amma wani bangaren kuma shi ne mutanen da jami’an jihar suka auka wa iyalansu da al’ummarsu suna neman tsaro, matsayi da daukar fansa.
Yadda ƙungiyoyin ke ba da kuɗin kansu
Duk da cewa suna da alaka da al-Qaida da kungiyar IS, kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi a yankin Sahel galibi suna samun albarkatun kudi a maboyarsu, in ji manazarta. Suna dora haraji kan al’ummar yankin, suna kula da harkokin sarrafa albarkatun kasa, musamman ma na zinari, da satar shanu.
Haka kuma suna sanyawa garuruwa kawanya tare da yin garkuwa da mutane da bama-bamai da nakiyoyi a yayin da suke kokarin shawo kan hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki.
Haka nan masu tsattsauran ra’ayi na da hannu wajen fataucin miyagun kwayoyi, musamman na muggan kwayoyi, in ji Aaryaman Shah, wani manazarci kan harkokin tsaro, wanda ya kware wajen samar da kudade na kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi. Kuma suna cin riba daga safarar mutane – wanda hakan na iya kawo musu ƙarin kuɗi a nan gaba.
